Depression

Depression can present in many different ways, and its symptoms often range in magnitude greatly from person-to-person. Depression symptoms can present in emotional, cognitive, physical, and/or behavioral aspects

Emotional Symptoms

  • Persistent Sadness: A continuous feeling of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness.

  • Loss of Interest in Activities that Once Brought Joy/Happiness: Also referred to as Alexithymia, a lack of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed, such as hobbies or socializing can be indicative of a depressive episode.

  • Feelings of Worthlessness: Intense feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or self-blame.

  • Irritability: Increased irritability or frustration, even over minor issues, or issues once deemed mundane.

Cognitive Symptoms

  • Concentration Difficulties: Trouble focusing, making decisions, or remembering things.

  • Negative Thought Patterns: Persistent negative thinking, including self-criticism, pessimism, and hopelessness.

  • Indecisiveness: Difficulty making decisions, and/or feeling overwhelmed by making minor choices.

Physical Symptoms

  • Changes in Sleep Patterns: Insomnia (difficulty sleeping) or hypersomnia (sleeping too much), including waking up frequently during the night.

  • Appetite Changes: Significant changes in appetite or weight, such as overeating or loss of appetite.

  • Fatigue: Persistent tiredness or lack of energy, even after adequate rest.

  • Physical Aches and Pains: Unexplained physical symptoms such as headaches, backaches, or digestive problems.

Behavioral Symptoms

  • Withdrawal from Social Activities: Avoiding social interactions and isolating oneself from friends and family.

  • Decreased Productivity: Reduced performance at work or school, including difficulty completing tasks or meeting deadlines.

  • Neglecting Responsibilities: Ignoring personal responsibilities, such as neglecting self-care or household chores.

  • Changes in Routine: Disruption of daily routines or a lack of interest in previously routine activities.

Treatment for Depression


Treatment for depression typically involves a combination of approaches tailored to an individual’s specific needs. Here are some common and effective treatments:

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT):

    • CBT helps individuals identify and change negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to depression. It also includes developing coping strategies and problem-solving skills. A facet of CBT that aids with depressive symptomatology is Activity Scheduling and Behaviour Activation.

  • Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT):

    • ACT helps individuals accept their thoughts and feelings rather than struggling with them and commit to actions that align with their values.

  • Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT):

    • DBT can help with depression symptoms, particularly in managing intense emotions and improving interpersonal skills. Though DBT is often completed in a group setting in conjunction with individual treatment, DBT skills can be implemented and reviewed in session.

Recognizing depression in oneself or others can be challenging, as symptoms may not always be obvious or meet the “commercialized” presentation of depression as seen on tv or in movies. It’s important to pay attention to persistent changes in mood, behavior, or physical health. If you are struggling with depression, book now to begin your treatment journey!